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diagnosis differential calculus medications stones acidosis acute algorithm aniongap classification diuresis diuretics drugs endocrinology failure high hyperkalemia hypocalcemia hypokalemia hypomg
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... urinary calcium excretion ... urinary calcium excretion ... amino acids in kidney ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... Urinary calculi ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential #Nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... for ureteric and renal ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction ... #Renal #Kidney
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #Causes #diagnosis ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Excretion Carbonic ... stones caused by ... #Excretion #Diuresis ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Decreased calcium absorption • Vitamin D deficiency -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... 1,25(OH2)D3 - Renal ... • Alcoholism - Hypomagnesemia ... PTH action • Hypomagnesemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
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