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diagnosis algorithm classification metabolic renal table aniongap anions calculi calculus central constipation diabetes diuresis excretion gap high hypernatremia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis #Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
and Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Table #Differential ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia #Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Diagnosis and Management ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... potassium shift - Acidosis ... transplantation, type ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
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