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diagnosis classification algorithm aniongap calculi calculus diabetes diuresis excretion high hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia insipidus low magnesium medications metabolic nongap pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... acidosis (type 1 ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... transplantation, type ... acidosis) #Hyperkalemia ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... #Differential # ... Classification #Causes
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