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diagnosis differential nephrology classification acidosis aniongap calculi calculus diabetes diuresis diuretics high hyponatremia insipidus medications metabolic nongap pharmacology potassium stones
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... urinary calcium excretion ... urinary calcium excretion ... amino acids in kidney ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypervolemia, ... failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... cell disease - Renal ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #differential #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Decreased potassium excretion ... potassium excretion ... transplantation, type ... #Causes #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... #Excretion #Diuresis
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Inadequate excretion ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... Classification #Causes
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