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Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction ... Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Bronchiectasis - Pulmonary ... Mitral Stenosis - Pulmonary ... #Differential #Causes ... #Table
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Obstructive Shock ... #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
obstructive pulmonary ... restrictive and obstructive ... Chronic thromboembolic ... Others: tumoral obstruction ... #Differential #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
- Able to identify ... non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes ... of obstruction
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and Functional ... Destruction of MV ... Age-related changes, chronic ... Causes of functional ... #Primary #Functional
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
accounts for —9096 of cases ... Pathophysiology ... onset widespread pulmonary ... obstruction can
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table