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hyperkalemia algorithm hypercalcemia potassium acidosis biliary calcium calculi calculus classification hyperthyroid hyperthyroidism hypothyroid iodine metabolic nephrology nongap radioactive radionuclide rai
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... #differential # ... diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... progressive kidney disease ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
The Diagnostic Approach ... inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... #differential # ... causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... TTKG should be high ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Differentiation of Causes of Hyperthyroidism According to Pattern of Radionucleotide Uptake Reduced uptake: • Thyroiditis • Exogenous
Differentiation of Causes ... uptake: • Graves' disease ... radionuclide #uptake #differential ... #diagnosis #hyperthyroidism ... #endocrinology
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease Hyperthyroidism: • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
Patients for Thyroid Disease ... Hyperthyroidism: • Graves disease ... ; in some cases, ... #hyperthyroid #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Diseases of the Biliary Tract Asymptomatic gallstones - Asymptomatic Symptomatic gallstones - Biliary pain Cholesterolosis of gallbladder - Usually
Diseases of the ... Adenomyomatosis - May cause ... asymptomatic, high ... #differential # ... diagnosis #surgery
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... Classification #Causes
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