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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... Diagnosis, and Features ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic
Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) 
An rare systemic acute febrile vasculitic syndrome. Aetiology unknown. 
Affects
Kawasaki Disease ... Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ... febrile vasculitic syndrome ... #Kawasaki #Disease ... #Features #Signs
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Increased production
 • Solid-organ transplant
 • Tumor lysis syndrome
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Lesch Nyhan
• Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Lesch Nyhan syndrome ... Functionally normal kidneys ... disease (CKD) stages ... UricAcid #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute Kidney ... • Inflammatory disease ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... syndrome • Hyponatremia ... syndrome • Nephrogenic ... syndrome • Lithium-induced ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
manifestations of Down syndrome ... • Hirschsprung disease ... #Downs #Syndrome ... #PhysicalExam #Features ... #Signs #Manifestations
Symptoms and signs of chronic kidney disease.

#Signs #Symptoms #CKD #Chronic #Kidney #Disease #Nephrology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Symptoms and signs ... of chronic kidney ... disease. ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Disease #Nephrology
Signs and symptoms of Chronic Kidney Failure (CKD)

#Signs #Symptoms #CKD #Chronic #Kidney #Disease #Nephrology
Signs and symptoms ... of Chronic Kidney ... Failure (CKD) #Signs ... #CKD #Chronic #Kidney ... #Disease #Nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... disease • Tertiary ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential