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diagnosis causes classification algorithm endocrinology hypercalcemia hyponatremia table types acidosis aniongap calculi calculus diabetes diuresis diuretics excretion failure hypokalemia hypomagnesemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's disease ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Renal transplant ... - SLE High Renin ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... #stones #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... failure Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Chronic kidney disease ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Diagnosis #Acute ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Renal resistance ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
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