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causes algorithm classification hyponatremia renal aniongap calculi calculus diuresis diuretics endocrinology excretion hypercalcemia hypokalemia medications metabolic nongap pharmacology potassium stones
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
The Diagnostic Approach ... to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... #differential #
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... with renal tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Diagnosis, and ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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