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causes renal calculi calculus classification acidosis algorithm aniongap diuresis diuretics endocrinology excretion hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia imaging kidney low magnesium medications
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
The Diagnostic Approach ... to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... #differential #
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... #Types #Renal #stones ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
KUB - Good far calcium-containing ... non-invasive - High ... obstruction - Able ... abdominal pain: diagnoses ... retroperitoneal disease
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Diagnosis, and ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... Hypercalcemic states ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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