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causes diagnosis algorithm classification hyponatremia acidosis aniongap calcium calculi calculus diuresis diuretics endocrinology hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia low magnesium medications metabolic nongap
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's disease ... decreased urinary Ca2+ excretion ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #calcium #high
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Renal transplant ... - SLE High Renin ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... progressive kidney disease ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hypervolemia, ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... #Diagnosis #Table
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... urinary calcium excretion ... recessive genetic disease ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... #stones #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Inadequate excretion ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #High
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... disease • Drugs ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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