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diagnosis classification algorithm hypomagnesemia hyponatremia medications pharmacology table types acidosis calculi calculus diabetes diuresis drugs emergency endocrinology excretion failure headache
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... losses, Diuretic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
inhibitors Other causes ... - Renal transplant ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... after starvation, Acute ... disease • Drugs ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
amino acids in kidney ... recessive genetic disease ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
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