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diagnosis causes classification algorithm hyponatremia table calculi calculus diabetes diuresis diuretics emergency excretion failure headache high hypokalemia injury insipidus medications
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... #Acidosis #differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... acidosis (type 1 ... amino acids in kidney ... recessive genetic disease ... #differential #diagnosis
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Renal transplant ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Drugs - SIADH Renal
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
potassium shift - Acidosis ... erythematosus, sickle cell disease ... transplantation, type ... acidosis) #Hyperkalemia ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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