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diagnosis classification algorithm hyponatremia table acidosis calculi calculus central diabetes diuresis diuretics emergency endocrinology excretion failure headache high hypercalcemia hypokalemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
inhibitors Other causes ... - Renal transplant ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... amino acids in kidney ... recessive genetic disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... failure Hypervolemia ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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