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diagnosis signs neurology algorithm chronic classification headache vertigo cardiology central ckd disease endocrinology high hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia medications mitral peripheral
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... disease Normovolemic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Chronic progressive kidney ... disease Ill. ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... disease • Tertiary ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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