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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Antiarrhythmic Drugs

CLASS IA
 • Procainamide, Quinidine, Disopyramide
CLASS 1B
 • Lidocaine, Mexiletine
CLASS 2
 • Propranolol, Esmolol
CLASS 4
Antiarrhythmic Drugs CLASS ... Disopyramide CLASS ... #Medications #Classes ... #Classification ... #Pharmacology #
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses ... , Renal Losses ( ... #Differential #Algorithm
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table ... #Pharmacology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... cell disease - Renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Some H1 antihistaminic Drugs in Clinical Use
1st Generation Antihistamines:
Ethanolamjnes - Carbinoxamine (Clistin), Dimenhydrinate (salt of diphenhydramine)(Dramamine),
antihistamines #classification ... #Pharmacology # ... classes #generation