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diagnosis differential nephrology pharmacology hypomagnesemia hyponatremia medications acidosis aniongap classification constipation diarrhea diuresis drugs excretion hypokalemia hypomg ileus infarction low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... #Medications #Table
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
Mechanical Bowel ... Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , nasogastric suction ... (carbonic anhydrase ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... intake - Small bowel ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days) Exclude: 1. Causes of acute diarrhea 2. Lactose intolerance 3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Small Bowel Infarction - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Thankfully, bowel infarction in general is the rarest cause
Small Bowel Infarction ... is the rarest cause ... Bowel infarction ... colon is reduced, colonic ... SmallBowel #Infarction #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... intake, Small bowel ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
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