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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia potassium renal acidosis aniongap calculi calculus conjugated diabetes diuresis diuretics high hypokalemia insipidus jaundice low medications
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... Hypervolemia, ... #Causes #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... deficit - Salt-losing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Distal (classic) ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... urinary calcium excretion ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #differential #causes
Classification of Jaundice Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin) • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... Syndromes - Faulty excretion ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... #differential #causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Decreased potassium excretion ... renal potassium excretion ... transplantation, type ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Inadequate excretion ... Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
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