Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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89 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... renal biopsy β€’ ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers β€’ Cardio-renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... FEPO4 β‰₯ 5% - Renal ... β€’ Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Post renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC β€’ extra-renal ... - fevers β€’ renal ... β€’ nephrotic syndrome ... β€’ renal failure ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1Β° HPT
- 1Β° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
- 1Β° HPT - 1Β° Renal ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #differential #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 β€’ Confirm hematuria β†’ Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... β†’ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy β€’ Refer to Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... β€’ Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 β€’ Increased renal interstitial pressure
 β€’ Hypoperfusion
 β€’ Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... β€’ Increased renal ... Hypoperfusion β€’ Reduced renal ... blood flow β€’ ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 β€’ Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #nephrology #PTH