The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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diagnosis symptoms signs msk complications menstrualcycle orthopedics ovariancycle psychiatry immunology anorexianervosa osteoporosis pediatrics peds pituitary allergy bonetumors bulimianervosa diabetes differential
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... , body K+ is lost ... brain... thus, the body ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... architecture -> Palpable bony ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... tumors (aka. cancerous ... metastasized to the bone ... • Metastatic bone
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): X-ray features • Soft tissue swelling (best seen by comparing left & right
Narrowing • Bony ... the articular bone ... Radiology #Clinical #Pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
3: Necrosis of bone ... destroying thin bony ... of the temporal bone ... inner cortical bone ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities => Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading => Bone strain =>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass) • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology
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