The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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pathophysiology diagnosis signs psychiatry msk complications orthopedics anorexianervosa pediatrics peds pharmacology sideeffects antipsychotics bulimianervosa genetics gh growthhormone mechanisms osteoporosis pagetsdisease
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... , body K+ is lost ... brain... thus, the body ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... tumors (aka. cancerous ... • Metastatic bone ... Signs/Symptoms:
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... architecture -> Palpable bony ... contact between bony ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
3: Necrosis of bone ... destroying thin bony ... of the temporal bone ... inner cortical bone ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
etiology Signs/Symptoms ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities => Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading => Bone strain =>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... pathophysiology #symptoms
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass) • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
and underlying bone ... joint capsule or bone ... Diagnosis #signs #symptoms
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