10 results
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... VitaminD #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism ... Nephrology #Management #Pharmacology
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
#Parathyroid #Calcitonin ... #Calcitriol #PTH ... #Endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... MEN IIa • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Increased calcitonin ... • Increased calcitonin ... #Differential #Endocrinology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
for secondary hyperparathyroidism ... Calcitriol improves ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology ... #Secondary #Hyperparathyroidism ... Sensipar #Cinacalcet #Calcitriol
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... with symptomatic PHPT ... #Indications #PHPT ... #endocrinology ... #management #Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Pathophysiology Calcitriol ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options ... conversion to calcitriol ... • Calcitonin ... drugs #treatment #pharmacology