33 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... prostate (release of calcitriol ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Skeletal metastatic disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... , Idiopathic calcitriol ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... PTH: • Elevated Calcitriol ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Chronic kidney disease ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
by Clinical Cause ... levels Autoimmune disease ... removal Renal disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
- Differential Diagnosis ... Destruction of parathyroid ... , infiltrative disease ... sunlight • Other Causes ... #Algorithm #causes