14 results
diagnosis nephrology algorithm workup aki calcium hypertension secondary acute acutekidneyinjury blood calculi calculus casts elevated evaluation gout hematuria high hyperuricemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... due to decreased urinary ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... microscopic and ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #Hematuria #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Differential Diagnosis ... or normal): • Primary ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... • Chronic renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
, urine microscopy ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... test (with 24-h urine ... alcohol induced - Urinary ... or MRI scan of abdomen ... #Hypertension #Differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... breast, lung, renal ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hormone–independent Renal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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