145 results
diagnosis differential causes management deficiency workup anemia hematology pathophysiology hypercalcemia adrenal treatment diabetes insufficiency nephrology pharmacology disease dm2 hyperthyroidism hypocalcemia
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Tract: ↑ Ca2+ absorption ... , ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Tract: ↓ Ca2+ absorption ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology PTH-mediated • Parathyroid cancer • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemodialysis • Iron ... loss of sites of absorption ... Diagnosis #Causes #Fe #algorithm
Iron - Possible Routes of Administration and Fate in the Organism #Iron #Absorption #Routes #Pathophysiology #pharmacology #Oral
Iron - Possible ... the Organism #Iron ... #Absorption #Routes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Iron Deficiency • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Vitamin C • ↓ Absorption ... Others: Hemolysis, Iron ... @drkeithsiau #Iron
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Rhabdomyolysis • Tumor Lysis • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Intake / Absorption ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure Pathophysiology: Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... leads to decreased iron ... absorption and ... iron release Diagnosis ... Treatment - IV Iron
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