12 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... turnover • Acute blood ... loss • Hemolytic
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Blood Product Transfusions ... Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... dietary intake • Blood ... transfusion • ... of injection Decreased
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
transfusion, sepsis ... mental status, decreased ... respiratory rate, decreased ... tidal volume, decreased ... • Pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
of high parity blood ... donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... • Pathophysiology ... , and CXR with pulmonary
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... ) because they increase ... consider platelet transfusion ... = dilated BV = raises ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology
Causes of Iron Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Blood loss: GI (cancer, ulcer, IBD), GU
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Algorithm • Blood ... Intravascular hemolysis ... athletic training, Pulmonary ... MALABSORPTION • Decreased
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
ABO incompatible blood ... transfusion • ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treat primary cause ... hydration • RBC transfusion
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... venous blood flow ... HF • Moderate pulmonary ... reduction - Decreased ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion ... of aged blood ... - Hemolysis (in ... tissue necrosis Decreased