35 results
Chvostek Sign of Hypocalcemia on Physical Exam 

Elicited by tapping on the facial nerve

#Chvostek #Sign #Hypocalcemia
Chvostek Sign of Hypocalcemia ... Elicited by tapping ... Chvostek #Sign #Hypocalcemia ... clinical #video #endocrinology
Chvostek's Sign - Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia

Chvostek's sign is described as the twitching of facial muscles
Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia ... in response to tapping ... nor specific for hypocalcemia ... patients with hypocalcemia ... Video #Clinical #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... evaluation • Adrenal ... mendesthiagob #Adrenal ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Familial renal ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table