13 results
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... Failure to acidify urine ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... • Metabolic acidosis ... : Proximal and distal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Prader-Willi ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... endocrinology #causes ... #pediatrics
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Na delivery): CHF ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... 20 suggests ↓ distal ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Calcium Phosphate: Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Kidney #Stones #pediatrics ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Reduced flow through distal ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Low EABV (e.g., CHF ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
- Appropriate renal ... excretion (GFR, TTKG, distal ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology