13 results
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... : >3 symptoms, or ... initiation • Differential ... • Steroids: IV ... fluid overload, PCC
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
vara • Coxa valga ... Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... CNS #Infections #differential ... #diagnosis #AIDS
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
regardless of symptoms ... PCR and CMV pp65 ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... #differential # ... signs #symptoms
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... • Depressive symptoms ... is similar to PML ... Diagnosis: MRI ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Antinuclear Antibody Testing - Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Patterns
Nuclear Patterns:
 • Homogeneous pattern: 
   -
conditions - Sp-100, PML ... body-like: - Neurologic ... Rods/rings: - HCV ... Cytoplasmic #Patterns #differential ... #diagnosis #rheumatology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... : HSV 1): • Herpes ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... #diagnosis #neurology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
autoAb against type IV ... staining on IF • No EM ... Classification #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar spine • MCC ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... Diagnosis: • ... cord infarct • HIV ... #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology