20 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
#Hypovolemic #Euvolemic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Skin loss • Euvolemic ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic
Decompensated Heart Failure Management Strategies

Wet (volume overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic) and Cold (low cardiac output) vs
overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic
Decompensated Heart Failure Classification
Wet (volume overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic) and Cold (low cardiac output) vs Warm
overloaded) vs Dry (euvolemic
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid low in euvolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Euvolemic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Cerebral salt wasting Euvolemic
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT) - Comparison
 - Continuous Veno-venous Hemofiltration (CVVH) utilizes convection. Replacement fluid
administered to maintain euvolemia ... used to maintain euvolemia