13 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Reduced Excretion ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... -> Uric Acid (low ... urinary excretion ... Urate Nephropathy (low ... Hypocalcemia • Hyperkalemia
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low PTH: • High ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriate renal excretion ... , TTKG, distal flow ... #IntercellularShift
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... Kidney Phosphate Excretion ... Kidney Phosphate Excretion ... nephrology #phosphorus #workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... • Impaired H+ secretion ... • Serum K: low ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Complications - Hypercalcemia ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... nephron -> Decr secretion ... nephron -> Under-excretion ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
• ↓ Renal K+ Excretion ... reabsorption) Workup ... suggests ↓ renal excretion ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay