31 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High or Normal ... Low PTH: • High ... PTHrP: - Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium excretion ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTH (High or normal ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... from abnormal losses ... insufficient intake (Table ... 1).6–8 Abnormal ... lower potassium excretion
►
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypervolemia, ... renal failure Hypervolemia
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Al, Normal R - ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Complications - Hypercalcemia ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... nephron -> Decr secretion ... nephron -> Under-excretion ... Accumulation of abnormally
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
• Impaired H+ secretion ... • Serum K low ... Proximal RTA: • Low ... • Serum K: low ... 4: Hyperkalemic
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #nephrology #low