13 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Milk (calcium)-alkali ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... and phosphate: alkaline ... #causes #calculus
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... PTH (High or normal ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... #Algorithm #causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
to Hyperkalemia ... cell disease - Renal ... transplant - SLE High ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency likely: • High ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Algorithm Primary ... Drug-induced • High ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... Most cases diagnosed ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... of Low Alkaline ... PEA #Low #Alkaline