919 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Stimulation of Na/K-ATPase ... which imports K+ ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
analyzed, releasing K+ ... to excrete more K+ ... reduce plasma [K+ ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) - Pathophysiology:
→ Massive tumor cell lysis
→ Release of large amounts of K+,
syndrome (TLS) - Pathophysiology ... large amounts of K+ ... syndrome #TLS #Pathophysiology
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology
Culprits: ALL, Burkitt, SCLC
Cells all die at once = ↑Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K,
Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology ... = ↑Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K, ... acid (UA) ↑K ... Syndrome #TLS #Pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Decreased Na, K-ATPase ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... 1) Na/K ATPase ... action of the Na+/K+ ... blocks the Na+/K+ ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... nephron → - ↑ K+ ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
of filtered Na+/K+ ... of filtered Na+/K+ ... 5%) coupled to K+ ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
disturbances: low K, ... Acidosis • Shift of K, ... -> Decr Serum K, ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Increased EC shift of K ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology