15 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Milk Alkali) • ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... Milk (calcium)-alkali ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Dietary • Milk-alkali ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... , Renal Artery Stenosis ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... nephrology #causes #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Elevated ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–independent Renal ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... intoxication, milk-alkali ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Algorithm Decreased ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... hypoperfusion Post-Renal ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... phosphate intake and renal ... Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Chronic Kidney ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
D - Increased renal ... reabsorption in kidney ... Cell of lung, Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #algorithm
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ALP ... Intestine • Kidney ... Pregnancy - Renal ... #Algorithm #hepatology