109 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Lymphoma: NHL, CML ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... high: • Post-renal ... nephrology #potassium #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Renal ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... , Post renal transplant
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Myeloid Leukemia (CML ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Chronic Renal ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology