21 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Acute and chronic kidney ... - Drugs - ... - Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... high or low Uosm ... diuresis) RAAS ... #sodium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Insulin (high ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... and other loop diuretics ... antiretroviral therapy - Diuretics ... #Medications #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... • Hypercalcemia ... stones caused by ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... trauma • Drugs ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... trauma • Drugs ... especially thiazide diuretics ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
ACEI or ARB Initiation
Hyperkalemia:
 - Review concurrent drugs
 - Moderate potassium Intake
 - Consider: diuretics, sodium
ARB Initiation Hyperkalemia ... Review concurrent drugs ... - Consider: diuretics ... , sodium blcaibonate ... (e.g., diuretics
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... sensitivity in kidneys ... ) - Medications ... Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes