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Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
: • Autoimmune ... (AIHAs) • Alloimmune ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Warm Antibody Autoimmune ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... Warm #Antibody #Autoimmune ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Immune-mediated: - Autoimmune ... idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... • Intrinsic RBC ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... and RES-mediated hemolysis ... Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... > 10, no more hemolysis ... BrighamMedRes #AIHA #Autoimmune ... AIHA #Treatment #management ... #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... hemolysis) ARUPConsult ... @ARUPLabs #Hemolytic ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Urobilinogen #Hemolysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... anemia, CKD • Hemolytic ... Spherocytosis, G6PD, PK, HbC ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
transform into a RBC ... Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... : Autoimmune, Microangiopathic ... hemolytic anemia ... Production #Index #hematology