22 results
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
: • Autoimmune ... (AIHAs) • Alloimmune ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Reticulocytosis • Primary ... Bleed • Hemolysis ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Immune-mediated: - Autoimmune ... idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... usually IgM) (e.g. primary ... • Intrinsic RBC ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Warm Antibody Autoimmune ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... Warm #Antibody #Autoimmune ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #rheumatology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... and RES-mediated hemolysis ... Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Morphology Microcytic RBC ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... pregnancy Diagnose PBC ... consistent with PBC ... #PBC #Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... hypertension • Unusual RBC ... acanthocytes - Consider RBC ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... relative with PBC ... Cholestasis #PBC ... #Primary #Biliary ... Pathophysiology #hepatology