51 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... metastases and multiple myeloma ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... malignancies • Multiple myeloma ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... , Kidney Disease ... Infiltrative: Amyloid ... #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... #VitaminD #causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... • Hematologic ... malignancies Treatment ... Cancer #Oncology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Classification
Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infection: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Abscess, Endocarditis,
Diagnosis • Infection ... Lemierre's syndrome ... Malignancy: - Hematologic ... Leukemia, Multiple myeloma ... #Diagnosis #causes
Elevated Transaminases / Transaminitis - Differential Diagnosis

 • Infectious: HAV, HCV, HEV, EBV, HSV, CMV
 •
Diagnosis • ... lymphoma, melanoma, myeloma ... Metabolic: Wilson Disease ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #hepatology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polycythemia • Multiple Myeloma ... Hemochromatosis • Wilson's Disease ... • Budd-Chiari Syndrome ... #Causes #Hepatology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Multiple Myeloma ... Gammopathies C - HyperCalcemia ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology