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Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/Cl ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... mostly ATN and pre-renal ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI ... thromboembolism, renal ... tumors INTRINSINC RENAL ... NSAlDs, antibiotics ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Vancomycin Associated Acute Kidney Injury

 • Drug induced acute kidney injury is generally defined as a
particularly underlying renal ... #Vancomycin #AKI ... #pharmacology # ... diagnosis #management #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
importance in renal ... production of renal ... hormones that act ... NSAIDs #Kidney #renal ... #nephrology #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... potassium #high #nephrology
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Overview
Types of CRRT
 • CVVHD - Continuous Veno-Venous hemodialysis -
Continuous Renal ... Indications: • AKI ... 4K, 2K, or 0K (all ... #Continuous #Renal ... #Indications #Nephrology
HSCT related renal disease - AKI and CKD
Acute Kidney Injury: Acute GvHD 2-4, Pre renal state,
HSCT related renal ... disease - AKI and ... state, Antibiotics ... Acyclovir, Amp B, ACE ... #disease #AKI #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... , RTA Type IV, AI ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #