294 results
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Bleed • Hemolysis ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... ) - Abnormal RBCs
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... of anemia and hemolysis ... Immune-mediated Hemolysis ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Defects in the RBC's ... Pathophysiology #Hemolytic
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... Hypochromic & microcytic RBCs ... Immune mediated hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... UnremarkableLab #Hemolytic
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... Xerocytosis • RBC ... Hyperlipidemia • Hemolysis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Intravascular Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... purpura (TTP), Hemolytic ... • Intrinsic RBC
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic ... reticulocytes • Hemolysis ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... Antibody #Autoimmune #Hemolytic
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... 2) External (RBC ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Smear ↑ abnormal RBCs ... Urobilinogen #Hemolysis
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... and RES-mediated hemolysis ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Intravascular - Hemolysis ... immune-complex hemolytic
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... • Compensated hemolysis ... Blood smear - RBC ... red blood cells (RBCs ... complement to the RBCs