23 results
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
, Serum creatinine ... Angioneurotic edema ... Bilateral renal ... active patients, Chronic ... contraindications #table
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... K = Hyperkalemic ... tract obstruction, Chronic ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Kidney #Injury #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... in kidneys) - Medications ... hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Renal Losses ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... failure • Chronic ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... Loses - Medications ... - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Acute or chronic ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Kidney Disease - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Differential #