32 results
Osborn (J Wave)

Etiology 
• Hypothermia (below 320C / SOOF) 
• Normal variant 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Neurological
Normal variant • Hypercalcemia ... Neurological insult • Medications ... Differential #Cardiology #EKG ... #ECG #Hypothermia
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Psychosocial Medications ... (e.g. ... Cation Related (e.g ... Anticholinergic (e.g ... • Hypercalcemia
Osborn waves - positive deflections at the J point (negative in aVR and V1) with a
people with high hypercalcemia ... brain injury, medications ... This EKG was recorded ... #EKG #EmergencyMedicine ... Electrocardiogram #ECG
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... clinical scenario, ECG ... Gluconate IV Shift ... Consider cause of hyperkalaemia ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
, Hypokalemia, Erectile ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... failure - Co-medication ... Pgp-dependent drugs (e.g ... antihypertensive #medications
Torsades de Pointes
• "Twisting of the pointes" 
• QRS axis swings from positive to negative direction
Originates from single focus ... Hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #ECG ... #EKG
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... pharmacology #potassium #medications
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemias (e.g ... Bone Resorption (e.g ... 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g ... Calcium Intake (e.g ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... in kidneys) - Medications ... (e.g. lithium, ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... renal diseases (e.g
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology