3140 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
calcium-containing stones ... X-rays useful tor stone ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... Calculi #Renal #Kidney
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Uric Acid Stones ... - 10% of stones ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... of Kidney Stones ... SwastiThinks #Metabolic #Causes ... #Kidney #Stones
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause ... - Intrarenal: stones ... appropriate) #Acute #Kidney
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Infection of the kidney ... urea which may cause ... urine -> Struvite stones
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Intestine - Other causes ... Intestine • Kidney ... duct stricture/Stones
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Algorithm Vascular Causes ... Obstruction: Biliary stone ... cardiac muscle, RBC, kidney ... cardiac muscle, kidneys ... trimester placenta, kidneys
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
amino acids in kidney ... #Types #Renal #stones ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... Stones) Cardiac ... Skull expansion causes ... middle ear bones causes