139 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... , renal, and post-renal ... causes. ... Renal causes of ... #Sites #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... at least 50% Renal ... Infections (CMV, strep ... Sjögren) Post-Renal ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... osmolarity If cause ... , HIV serology, ... renal biopsy • ... #causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Intake • Chronic Renal ... Failure • Stress ... Production • Renal ... Endocrinology #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Hypothalamus Anatomy and Hypothalamic Nuclei
 • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - Body temperature, thermal regulation (heat dissipation),
Water balance & stress ... oxytocin, destruction causes ... Water balance & stress ... regulation, destruction causes ... Anatomy #Nuclei #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes