82 results
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... high: • Post-renal
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... perspiration Renal ... diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Differential
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... Breast #Discharge #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
cell disease - Renal ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... Context of Impaired Renal ... HighPhosphate #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Water Central Diabetes ... hypokalemia - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... Hypernatremia #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #hypokalemia #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology