15 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypocalcemia pth alkaline elevated evaluation hepatology high highcalcium homeostasis hormone hormones hyophosphatasia hyperparathyroidism low malignancy management
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
- Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology PTH-mediated • Parathyroid cancer • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... and intestinal calcium ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary Lab Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance? ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923 Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... D) Increased bone ... Multiple myeloma (bone ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management PTH Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW VIT D -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... - Accelerated Bone ... Formation: Hungy Bone ... Syndrome - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
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