18 results
diagnosis differential algorithm calcium causes hypocalcemia pth gh management 21hydroxylasedeficiency 21ohd alkaline alp bone encephalopathy excess feedbackloop genetics hepatology high
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... metabolic abn #GrowthHormone ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology Calcitriol: • Bones: Enhances mineralization • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology PTH-mediated • Parathyroid cancer • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... @kdjhaveri #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... D) Increased bone ... Paget's disease of bone ... Multiple myeloma (bone ... #Causes #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... fraction • HTN #GrowthHormone ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary Lab Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
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