29 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH ... Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... - Accelerated Bone ... Formation: Hungy Bone ... Signaling #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Malignancy • PTH-Related ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Ca2+, ↑ PO4- PTH ... +, ↓ PO4- #Hypercalcemia ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... Serum levels of PTH ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... PTH-mediated ... resorption in the bone ... @kdjhaveri #Hypercalcemia
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Inexpensive - Treats hypocalcemia ... Lower risk of hypercalcemia ... range - Lack of hypercalcemia ... requirements - Lack of hypercalcemia ... range - Lack of hypercalcemia